Restoring American Mineral Security Act of 2025

This bill authorizes the United States Trade Representative to negotiate a Critical Minerals Security Alliance with partner countries to secure a reliable supply chain for critical minerals. It establishes eligibility criteria for alliance members, increases duties on certain mineral imports from foreign countries of concern, and creates a trust fund to support domestic and allied critical mineral mining and processing projects.

Sec. 3, Definitions: Defines key terms including 'critical mineral' (based on the Energy Act of 2020 list), 'derivative product' (goods incorporating a critical mineral, such as semiconductors, batteries, and wind turbines), 'foreign country of concern' (including Venezuela), 'foreign entity of concern', 'processed' critical minerals, and 'select derivative product' (permanent magnets, lithium-ion batteries for electric and non-electric vehicles, and certain battery parts).

Sec. 4, Critical Minerals Security Alliance: Authorizes the Trade Representative to negotiate an alliance with countries to establish a reliable critical mineral supply chain. Eligible countries must agree to increase duties on mined/processed critical minerals and select derivative products from foreign countries/entities of concern to at least the U.S. Section 301 rate on Chinese goods as of Jan 1, 2026; eliminate duties on such imports from other alliance members; meet regularly; review and share extraction/processing capacity; and take complementary actions against unfair trade, illicit shipments, and forced labor. The Trade Representative may allow a 5-year phase-in of duty increases or alternative measures like quotas. The Trade Representative certifies eligibility to Congress; agreements take effect after a 90-day congressional review period unless a disapproval resolution is enacted. Upon entry into force, imports from the member country enter the U.S. duty-free and exempt from Section 301 and Section 232 duties. The bill requires 5-year reviews of U.S. critical mineral capacity and annual reports to Congress on engagement and member country capacity.

Sec. 5, Increase in Duties on Imports from Foreign Countries and Entities of Concern: Upon the first alliance agreement entering into force, mined/processed critical minerals and select derivative products imported into the U.S. from a foreign country or entity of concern will be subject to the same duty rate as applied to such products from China under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 as of Jan 1, 2026.

Sec. 6, Trust Fund to Support U.S. Critical Mineral Mining and Processing Projects: Establishes a trust fund in the Treasury. For each fiscal year the alliance is in effect, the Treasury Secretary must transfer to the fund an amount equal to duties collected on imported mined/processed critical minerals. The fund is available without further appropriation: 60% to the Department of Energy's Loan Programs Office for mining/processing critical minerals or manufacturing select derivative products; 20% to the Department of Defense for similar projects; and 20% to the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation to support international critical mineral projects in alliance member countries. The bill waives certain restrictions under the BUILD Act to allow support for projects in upper-middle-income or high-income countries, subject to presidential certification that the support furthers U.S. interests and that a U.S. entity participates or at least 50% of the mineral output is offered to the U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. entities first.