National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2024

This bill reauthorizes and expands the National Quantum Initiative Act to support quantum information science, engineering, and technology research, development, workforce, and international cooperation across multiple federal agencies. It updates definitions, purposes, and program goals; extends the initiative's authority until December 30, 2034; and adds new activities for NIST, NSF, NASA, NIH, and the State Department.

Sec. 2, Definitions: Adds definitions for 'Federal laboratory' and 'foreign country of concern,' including countries that are covered nations under U.S. code or determined by the Secretary of Commerce to be detrimental to U.S. interests.

Sec. 3, Purposes: Expands the purposes of the National Quantum Initiative to include engineering and technology alongside science, and broadens workforce development to include primary, secondary, and vocational education.

Sec. 4, National Quantum Initiative Program: Expands the program to include near-, medium-, and long-term demonstration and commercialization, infrastructure, and interagency planning for standards engagement.

Sec. 5, National Quantum Coordination Office: Allows the Director to serve a 4-year term, adds staff from federal departments, and expands coordination to include workforce, international activities, small businesses, and nonprofit research organizations.

Sec. 6, Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science: Adds the Departments of Health and Human Services, State, Homeland Security, Education, Labor, NOAA, and the Small Business Administration to the subcommittee, and expands its duties to include quantum application development, demonstration, and commercialization.

Sec. 7, National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee: Revises membership qualifications to include end users, supply chain companies, small- and medium-sized businesses, startups, universities, and federal laboratories, and expands advice to cover demonstrations, standards, STEM education, workforce, technology transfer, and research security.

Sec. 8, Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Information Science: Adds HHS, State, SBA, and NASA to the subcommittee, and expands its focus to include supply chains, engineering, and technology.

Sec. 9, International Quantum Cooperation Strategy: Requires the Director of OSTP to develop a strategy within one year for international partnerships, including co-funded programs, to advance quantum research, development, commercialization, and interoperability.

Sec. 10, Prize challenges: Authorizes federal agencies to conduct prize competitions to accelerate quantum applications and algorithms, with measurable performance goals.

Sec. 11, Sunset of National Quantum Initiative: Extends the authority for key sections until December 30, 2034.

Sec. 12, NIST activities and quantum consortium: Expands NIST's research to include post-quantum cryptography, cryptographic transition practices, and demonstration projects for standards and interoperability.

Sec. 13, NIST Quantum Centers: Authorizes NIST to establish up to 3 centers through a competitive, merit-reviewed process to accelerate quantum research, development, deployment, and standardization.

Sec. 14, NSF quantum research and education: Expands NSF's program to include engineering and technology, and adds kindergarten through grade 12 and vocational education to workforce development.

Sec. 15, Multidisciplinary centers for quantum research and education: Increases the number of centers from 5 to 10, expands focus to include technology, health applications, and outreach to increase participation of women and historically underrepresented groups.

Sec. 16, QREW Coordination Hub: Directs NSF to award a consortium to establish a hub for workforce development, including at least 4 institutions of higher education and 2 community colleges.

Sec. 17, NSF cryptography research: Adds post-quantum cryptography to NSF's cybersecurity research.

Sec. 18, NASA quantum activities: Authorizes NASA to conduct quantum research for space and aeronautics, and requires a strategy within 180 days.

Sec. 19, NIH quantum activities: Authorizes NIH to establish a research program on quantum sensors and computing for biomedical applications.

Sec. 20, State Department quantum activities: Authorizes the Secretary of State to establish a program for international quantum cooperation, including matching grants and exchange programs.

Sec. 21, Comptroller General review: Requires a review of NIST, NSF, and DOE quantum programs to reduce duplicative paperwork and expedite access to federal facilities.

Sec. 22, Clerical amendments: Updates the table of contents to reflect new sections and titles.