National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act

This bill reauthorizes and expands the National Quantum Initiative Act to support quantum information science, engineering, and technology research, development, demonstration, and workforce training across multiple federal agencies. It updates definitions, extends program authority to 2030, and adds new programs at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Science Foundation, Department of Energy, and NASA.

Sec. 2, Definitions: Adds definitions for 'Federal laboratory' and 'foreign country of concern,' the latter including covered nations under U.S. Code and countries designated by the Secretary of Commerce with other officials.

Sec. 3, Purposes: Expands the Act's purposes to include quantum engineering and technology, workforce pipeline development, and retaining international talent consistent with national security.

Sec. 4, National Quantum Initiative Program: Broadens program goals to include near-, medium-, and long-term demonstrations, diverse sector applications, infrastructure, and standards engagement.

Sec. 5, National Quantum Coordination Office: Requires the Director to serve a four-year term, staff from specified agencies, and adds coordination of collaborative ventures and nonprofit research organizations.

Sec. 6, Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science: Adds the Departments of Health and Human Services, State, Homeland Security, Education, and NOAA to the subcommittee, and expands its duties to include quantum application development, demonstration, and commercialization.

Sec. 7, National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee: Revises membership qualifications to include end users, small businesses, startups, universities, and federal labs, and expands advice areas to engineering, demonstrations, standards, and technology transfer.

Sec. 8, Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications: Adds the Departments of Health and Human Services, State, and NASA to the subcommittee, and expands its focus to include supply chains and export controls.

Sec. 9, International Quantum Cooperation Strategy: Requires the Director of OSTP to develop a strategy for international partnerships, including co-funded programs, within one year.

Sec. 10, Sunset: Extends program authority to December 30, 2030.

Sec. 11, NIST Activities and Quantum Consortium: Expands NIST's research to include post-quantum cryptography and cryptographic transition practices, and adds research, development, and demonstration activities.

Sec. 12, NIST Quantum Centers: Authorizes NIST to establish up to three centers through a competitive process to accelerate quantum research, development, deployment, and standardization.

Sec. 13, NSF Quantum Research and Education: Expands NSF's quantum activities to include engineering and technology, K-12 and vocational education, and workforce development.

Sec. 14, Multidisciplinary Centers: Increases the number of NSF centers from 5 to 10, and adds health and outreach activities for underrepresented groups.

Sec. 15, QREW Coordination Hub: Establishes a hub led by a university or nonprofit to coordinate quantum workforce education, including at least four institutions and two community colleges.

Sec. 16, DOE Research Program: Expands DOE's program to include demonstration, operation of National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, and cooperative research with industry and labs.

Sec. 17, DOE Quantum Instrumentation and Foundry Program: Establishes a program to develop domestic quantum supply chains, specialized equipment, and infrastructure.

Sec. 18, National Quantum Research Centers: Expands centers to include engineering, technology, workforce development, and commercial entity collaborations.

Sec. 19, DOE Quantum Network Infrastructure: Adds requirements to leverage diverse quantum hardware and software and develop education pathways.

Sec. 20, DOE Quantum User Expansion: Expands the program to include software, cloud-based quantum computers, resource estimation, and near-term applications.

Sec. 21, Quantum for Electric Grid: Authorizes DOE research on quantum applications to enhance electric grid resilience, security, and efficiency, including fault detection and grid optimization.

Sec. 22, Research Security: Requires DOE quantum activities to be consistent with the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act's security provisions.

Sec. 23, NASA Quantum Activities: Authorizes NASA to conduct quantum research for space and aeronautics, cooperate with other agencies, and submit a strategy within 180 days.

Sec. 24, NSF Cryptography Research: Adds post-quantum cryptography to NSF's cybersecurity research.

Sec. 25, Clerical Amendments: Updates the table of contents to reflect new sections and titles.